Solar power generation systems are divided into off-grid power generation systems, on-grid power generation systems, and hybrid power generation systems:

1. off-grid power generation system mainly consists of solar modules, controllers, batteries, such as the output power supply for the AC 220V or 110V, but also need to configure the inverter.
2.on grid system
The solar grid-connected power generation system is a system that connects photovoltaic power generation equipment to the public power grid. Its core feature is that the electricity generated by solar energy can be directly input into the power grid or used by local loads, realizing "self-generation for self-use and surplus power for the grid".
Function: Convert solar energy into direct current (DC).
Voltage range: The voltage of a single module is about 30-50V (such as the open circuit voltage of a 72-cell module is about 45V), and the DC bus voltage after multiple modules are connected in series is usually 600-1500V (designed according to the system scale).
Key parameters:Input voltage: 200-1500V DC (depending on the system design).Output voltage: single-phase 220V / three-phase 380V (European standard), or match the local grid voltage (such as 120/240V in the United States).
The solar grid-connected power generation system achieves efficient energy utilization by matching the grid voltage. Its voltage levels range from low voltage (220V/380V) to high voltage (above 10kV), covering a variety of application scenarios. It is an important technical path for the current distributed energy and carbon neutrality goals.

3.Solar hybrid system
Composition: photovoltaic panels, battery packs, inverters, controllers.
Function: Generate electricity and store excess electricity during the day, and sell excess electricity to the grid. At night or on cloudy days, the battery can power the load.
Applicable scenarios: household off-grid/grid-connected power supply, power supply in remote areas,
Support multiple energy inputs (such as photovoltaics, batteries, and grids) to achieve seamless switching.
Support (on grid/off grid) switching to connect to the grid (sell or buy electricity) or completely off-grid operation,
Solar hybrid systems solve the intermittent problem of renewable energy through multi-energy synergy and intelligent management, and are an important direction for future energy transformation. Selecting a suitable combination according to actual needs can achieve economic, environmentally friendly and stable energy supply.
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